Cooling Towers
A cooling tower is a specialized heat exchanger in which two fluids (air and water) are brought into direct contact with each other to affect the transfer of heat. In a "spray-filled" tower, this is accomplished by spraying a flowing mass of water into a rain-like pattern, through which an upward moving mass flow of cool air is induced by the action of a fan.
Energy Efficiency Tip
An improperly maintained cooling tower will produce warmer cooling water. This reduces efficiency of the chiller, wastes energy, and increases cost. The chiller will consumer 2.5% to 3.5% more energy for each degree rise in the condenser temperature.
Cost Savings Tip
If you have a 100-ton chiller which has an annual energy cost of $20K, it will cost you an additional $500-$700 yearly for every degree increase in the condenser temperatures. For a 5°F to 10°F increase, you can expect to pay $2.5K to $7K in additional electricity costs each year. In addition, a poorly maintained cooling tower will have a shorter operating life, is more likely to need costly repairs, and is less reliable.
Maintenance Tip
Lapses in regular maintenance can result in system degradation, loss of efficiency, and potentially serious health problems. Therefore, cooling tower maintenance must be an ongoing endeavor. A general description of maintenance requirements is presented under the Maintenance section.
Safety Tip
Cooling towers must be chemically and physically cleaned on a periodic basis to minimize bacterial growth. One type of infectious bacteria, is that which led to the deadly "Legionaire's Disease." Dangerous bacteria and viruses must be prevented from growing at all costs.