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Environmental Impacts and Benefits of Geothermal Direct-Use Applications

Most geothermal direct-use applications—such as district and space heating, aquaculture, and greenhouses—impact the environment to a lesser degree than large-scale, geothermal power plants in regards to:

This can benefit states, local communities, agribusinesses, and other industries that need these resources. See Table 1 below for information about the probability and severity of potential environmental impacts from geothermal direct-use projects.

A table showing the probability and severity of potential environmental impacts from geothermal direct-use projects. The impact on air quality and emissions has a low probability of occurring, a medium severity of consequence, a short-term duration of impact. The impact of surface water discharge has a medium probability of occurring, a low to medium severity of consequence, and a short-term to long-term duration of impact. Underground contamination has a low probability of occurring, a medium severity of consequence, and a long-term duration of impact. Land subsidence has a low probability of occurring, a low to medium severity of consequence, and a long-term duration of impact. High noise levels have a high probability of occurring, a medium to high severity of consequence, and a short-term duration of impact. Well blowouts have a low probability of occurring, a low to medium severity of consequence, and a short-term duration of impact. Conflicts with cultural and archeological features have a low to medium probability of occurring, a medium to high severity of consequence, and a short-term to long-term duration of impact. Social economic problems have a low probability of occurring, a low severity of consequence, and a short-term duration of impact. Chemical or thermal contamination has a medium probability of occurring, a medium to high severity of consequence, and a short-term to long-term duration of impact. The impact of solid waste disposal has a medium probability of occurring, a medium to high severity of consequence, and a short-term duration of impact.