Steel
The steelmaking industry has significantly lowered its energy use over the past several decades. The U.S. steel industry has worked with AMO to develop a range of resources to assist in lowering the energy and carbon intensity of steelmaking.
Some current R&D projects and Energy Management resources will benefit the industry.
Analytical Studies & Other Publications
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Manufacturing Energy and Carbon Footprints provide a mapping of energy use, energy loss, and carbon emissions for selected industry sectors.
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Hydrogen and Nitrogen Control in Ladling and Casting Operations
(2005)
Photo credit: Bethlehem Steel
Steelmaking
Steel is the material of choice for many elements of construction, transportation, manufacturing, and a variety of consumer products. The energy sector is expected to generate significant demand for steel over the next decade as the nation's energy infrastructure undergoes further development.
Valued for its strength, steel has also become the most recycled material. See our steel industry profile for more information.
Documents for historical reference
Steel Industry Technology Roadmap (2000)
Theoretical Minimum Energies to Produce Steel for Selected Conditions (March 2000)
Energy Use in the U.S. Steel Industry: Historical Perspective and Future Opportunities (2000)
Energy and Environmental Profile of the U.S. Iron and Steel Industry (2000)
Ironmaking Process Alternatives Screening Study (2000)
Appendix A - Ironmaking Process Description and Background
Appendix B - Process Component Spreadsheets
Appendix C - Process Summary Spreadsheets
Appendix D - Listings of Detailed Process Spreadsheets
Appendix E - MetSim® Ironmaking Process Simulations
Appendix F - Summary of Consumables and Relative Cost Estimates