U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Solar Energy Technologies Program

Concentrator PV Systems

Photo of the high-concentration system 'APS', Arizona's largest electric utility at their Solar Test and Research (STAR) Center in Tempe.

The largest system under test at STAR Center is a new high-performance "concentrating" photovoltaic power generator. This system uses plastic lenses to focus light onto small, efficient photovoltaic cells that have set a world record for large-scale photovoltaic efficiency. To capture the maximum amount of sunlight, the system is designed to follow the sun throughout the day. While not suitable for small projects, concentrator systems have very good potential for large-scale power generation. The STAR Center unit produces 20 kilowatts of electricity, or about enough to power five homes. Systems like these may someday provide power for entire communities.

The Solar Program's goal is to develop viable concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) technologies that can be used in a wide range of electrical markets—in particular, the distributed generation and larger bulk utility markets. The target electricity cost is 4 to 6 cents per kilowatt-hour by 2020.

The Solar Program funds several groups to pursue Concentrator PV (CPV) Systems activities:

  • National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)—for research on higher-efficiency III-V solar cells

  • Several universities—for work within the DOE/NREL Fundamental and Exploratory Research Project

  • DOE/NREL High—Performance PV Project-for research on concentrator cells and receivers.

The Concentrating Solar Power subprogram within the Solar Program has provided some funding to integrate III-V cells into a dish concentrator previously designed for a Stirling engine receiver. NREL served as the primary driver for developing the first CPV qualification standard and now leads the international CPV standards effort.

Our R&D activities include the following goals:

  • Develop higher-efficiency III-V solar cells and improve their viability by reducing their cost

  • Reduce the cost of all remaining components of the CPV system

  • Ensure the reliability of CPV components by the joint development with manufacturers and users of appropriate stress tests for temperature, humidity, voltage, safety, and other issues that might affect the installed longevity of CPV systems and components.