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2009 Directions in Energy-Efficiency and Emissions Research (DEER) Conference Presentations

August 3-6, 2009
Dearborn, Michigan

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Plenary Session: A View from the Bridge	Poster Presentation Session Part 2: Emission Control Technologies
Lunch: Sponsored by Caterpillar, Inc.	Concurrent Technical Session 4: Emission Control Technologies, Part 2
Technical Session 1: Advanced Combustion Technologies, Part 1	Concurrent Technical Session 5: High Efficiency Engine Technologies
Poster Presentation Session 1: Advanced Combustion Technologies and Emission Control Technologies	Concurrent Technical Session 6: Advanced Combustion Technologies, Part 2
Panel Session: New Direction in Engines and Fuels	Concurrent Technical Session 7: Thermoelectrics for Vehicle Applications
Technical Session 2: Emission Control Technologies, Part 1	Poster Presentation Session Part 3: Emission Control Technologies, High-Efficiency Engine Technologies, Thermoelectrics for Vehicle Applications, Fuels and High-Performance Lubricants
Lunch: Sponsored by Cummins	Concurrent Technical Session 8: Emission Control Technologies, Part 3
Technical Session 3: Emission Control Technologies, Part 1 (Continued)	Concurrent Technical Session 9: Fuels and High-Performance Lubricants

 

Plenary Session: A View from the Bridge
Welcome Remarks	Jennifer Granholm	Governor, State of Michigan
Plenary Address	Dr. Kristina Johnson	Under Secretary, U.S. Department of Energy
Panel Discussion	Allen Schaeffer	Executive Director, Diesel Technology Forum, Moderator
Reducing Vehicle Emissions to Meet Environmental Goals	Thomas Cackette	Chief Deputy Executive Officer, California Air Resources Board	(PDF 902 KB)
A View from the Bridge	Daniel Hancock	GM Powertrain Vice President Global Engineering, General Motors	(PDF 1.3 MB)
What is the Future of US Diesel Production?	Michael Leister	Fuels Technology Manager, Marathon Oil	(PDF 335 KB)
A View from the Bridge	Gary Rogers	President, FEV	(PDF 1.3 MB)
The Right Technology Matters	John Wall	Vice-President, Cummins	(PDF 1.0 MB)
Lunch - Sponsored by Caterpillar Inc.
Efficiency Improvement Pathway	Terry Goff	Director Emission Regulations & Conformance, Caterpillar Inc.	(PDF 819 KB)
Technical Session 1: Advanced Combustion Technologies, Part 1 Gupreet Singh, U.S. Department of Energy, Chair Dennis Siebers, Sandia National Laboratories, Co-Chair
High-Efficiency, Ultra-Low Emission Combustion in a Heavy-Duty Engine via Fuel Reactivity Control	Rolf Reitz	University of Wisconsin-Madison	(PDF 3.7 MB)
Control Strategy for a Dual Loop EGR System to Meet Euro 6 and Beyond	Robert Czarnowski	Borg Warner	(PDF 2.1 MB)
Low Temperature Combustion Demonstrator for High Efficiency Clean Combustion	William de Ojeda	Navistar	(PDF 1.1 MB)
In-Cylinder Processes of EGR-Diluted Low-Load, Low-Temperature Diesel Combustion	Mark Musculus	Sandia National Laboratories	(PDF 2.3 MB)
Demonstrating and Validating a Next Generation, Model-Based Controller for Fuel-Efficient, Low Emissions Diesel Engines	Marc Allain	Detroit Diesel	(PDF 625 KB)
Boosted HCCI for High Power without Engine Knock, and with Ultra-Low NOx Emissions using a Conventional Fuel	John Dec	Sandia National Laboratories	(PDF 387 KB)
Development of Advanced Combustion Technologies for Increased Thermal Efficiency	Christopher Gehrk	Caterpillar	(PDF 669 KB)
Poster Presentation Session Part 1: Advanced Combustion Technologies and Emission Control Technologies Roland Gravel, U.S. Department of Energy, Chair Terry Levinson, Argonne National Laboratory, Co-Chair
P-1: Improved Engine Control Strategies Enabled by Digital Signal-Processing Method for Zirconia Exhaust Sensors	Patrick Thompson	Innovate Technology, Inc.	(PDF 85 KB)
P-2: Preparation, Injection, and Combustion of Supercritical Fuels	George Anitescu	Syracuse University	(PDF 201 KB)
P-3: Neutron Imaging of Diesel Particulate Filters	Hassina Bilheux	Oak Ridge National Laboratory	(PDF 453 KB)
P-4: Development of a Transportable, 1065-Compliant Emissions Measurement System	John Nuszkowski	West Virginia University	(PDF 58 KB)
P-5: Active Diesel Emission Control Technology for Transport Refrigeration Units	Peter Guzman	RYPOS, Inc.	(PDF 86 KB)
P-6: Mechanisms of Hydrocarbon Poisoning of a Urea SCR Catalyst	Todd J. Toops	Oak Ridge National Laboratory	(PDF 130 KB)
P-7: Advanced Combustion/Modeling and Analysis Toward HCCI/PCCI in a 60% Efficient Free-Piston Engine	John Fitzgerald	ETTI	(PDF 253 KB)
P-8: Advanced High-Efficiency Clean Diesel Combustion with Low Cost for Hybrid Engines	Deyang Hou	QuantLogic Corp.	(PDF 158 KB)
P-10: Heavy-duty H2-Diesel Dual Fuel Engines	Hailin Li	West Virginia University	(PDF 37 KB)
P-11: Simulation and Analysis of HP/LP EGR for Heavy-Duty Applications	Aaron Matthews	IAV Automotive Engineering Inc	(PDF 162 KB)
P-12: Ultra-Lite Diesel Particulate Filter Cartridge for Reduced Regeneration Time and Fuel Consumption	Richard Nixdorf	Industrial Ceramic Solutions, LLC	(PDF 74 KB)
P-14: Assessment of Combustion and Turbulence Models for the Simulation of Combustion Processes in a DI Diesel Engine	Yi Ren	University of Waterloo	(PDF 497 KB)
P-15: Virtual Oxygen Sensor - Innovative NOx and PM Emission Control Strategies	Michael Traver	IAV Automotive Engineering Inc	(PDF 123 KB)
P-16: Study of On-Board Ammonia (NH3) Generation for SCR Operations	Victor Wong	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	(PDF 83 KB)
Panel Session: New Directions in Engines and Fuels
Panel Discussion	John Davis	Host of MotorWeek, Moderator
HD Truck and Engine Fuel Efficiency Opportunities and Challenges Post EPA2010	Ning Lei	Director Advanced Combustion, Future Technologies Navistar	(PDF 2.7 MB)
New Directions in Engines - The Road Ahead	John Pinson	Vice President Diesel Engines Ricardo	(PDF 291 KB)
Powertrain Trends and Future Potential	Johannes-Joerg Rueger	Senior Vice President Diesel Engineering Bosch	(PDF 851 KB)
New Directions in Engines and Fuels	J. Gary Smyth	Director, Powertrain Systems General Motors	(PDF 1.1 MB)
New Directions in Fuels Technology	Ken Wright	Chief Fuels Engineer ConocoPhillips	(PDF 828 KB)
Technical Session 2: Emission Control Technologies, Part 1 Ken Howden, U.S. Department of Energy, Chair Tom Briggs, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Co-Chair
Review of Emerging Diesel Emissions and Control	Timothy Johnson	Corning Incorporated	(PDF 1.9 MB)
Laboratory and Vehicle Demonstration of a "2nd Generation" LNT+in-situ SCR Diesel NOx Emission Control Concept	Lifeng Xu	Ford Motor Company	(PDF 371 KB)
Passive Ammonia SCR for Lean Burn SIDI Engines	Wei Li	General Motors and R&D Center	(PDF 1.6 MB)
Fuel Consumption and NOx Trade-offs on a Port-Fuel-Injected SI Gasoline Engine Equipped with a Lean-NOx Trap	Jacqueline Lymburner	Ford Motor Company	(PDF 2.8 MB)
Lunch - Sponsored by Cummins
Cummins Indy Racing	Ric Kleine	VP Midrange Quality, Cummins	(PDF 1.5 MB)
Technical Session 3: Emission Control Technologies, Part 1 - Continued Ken Howden, U.S. Department of Energy, Chair Tom Briggs, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Co-Chair
Engine and Reactor Evaluations of HC-SCR for Diesel NOx Reduction	Richard Blint	GM R&D	(PDF 1.3 MB)
Recent Advances and Future Challenges in the Modeling and Simulations of the Injection of Urea-Water-Solution for Automotive SCR Systems	Ehab Abu-Ramadan	University of Waterloo	(PDF 823 KB)
Development and Demonstration of an Electronic Particulate Matter Sensor for Both Engine-Out and Post-DPF Exhaust Monitoring	Jim Steppan	Ceramatec	(PDF 775 KB)
Investigation of Sulfur Deactivation on Cu/Zeolite SCR Catalysts in Diesel Application	Yisun Cheng	Ford Motor Company	(PDF 564 KB)
Catalytic Filter for Diesel Exhaust Purification	Mark Fokema	Aspen Products Group, Inc.	(PDF 873 KB)
Investigation on Continuous Soot Oxidation and NOx Reduction by SCR-Coated DPF	Svetlana Iretskaya	Catalytic Solutions, Inc	(PDF 2.6 MB)
Value Analysis of Alternative Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Substrates for Future Diesel Aftertreatment Systems	Steve Majkowski	Dow Automotive	(PDF 697 KB)
Poster Presentation Session Part 2: Emission Control Technologies Gurpreet Singh, U.S. Department of Energy, Chair Terry Levinson, Argonne National Laboratory, Co-Chair
P-1: Bench-Top Engine System for Fast Screening of Alternative Fuels and Fuel Additives	Hongmei An	University of Houston	(PDF 391 KB)
P-2: Liquid Propane Injection Technology Conducive to Today's North American Specification	Tom Arnold	CleanFUEL USA	(PDF 548 KB)
P-3: Development of an Airless Thermal Enhancer to Allow Catalyst Function on Cold Temperature Cycles	Nik Birkby	EMCON Technologies	(PDF 92 KB)
P-4: Development of a Non Air-assisted Thermal Regenerator	Philip Dimpelfeld	EMCON Technologies	(PDF 270 KB)
P-5: Free-Piston Engine Charge Conditioning Facilitated by Turbo-Compounding	John Fitzgerald	ETTI	(PDF 215 KB)
P-6: Advanced Methods Approach to Hybrid Powertrain Systems Optimization of a Transit Bus Application	Chris Hennessy	AVL	(PDF 472 KB)
P-7: Advanced Metal Fiber Wall-flow DPF for Diesel Emission Control	Shuguang Lu	Sunny Metal, Inc.	(PDF 500 KB)
P-8: Catalyst by Design -Theoretical, Nanostructural, and Experimental Studies of Oxidation Catalyst for Diesel Engine Emission Treatment	Chaitanya Narula	Oak Ridge National Laboratory	(PDF 430 KB)
P-9: Impact of Lower PM from Multimode Operation on Fuel Penalty from DPF Regeneration	Vitaly Prikhodko	Oak Ridge National Laboratory	(PDF 371 KB)
P-10: Application of SCR and PM-METALIT® for Non-Road Applications: SCRi®	Ulrich Pfahl	Emitec, Inc.	(PDF 140 KB)
P-11: GreenPower™ Trap Water-Muffler System	Julius Rim	International Metals & Energy Technologies	(PDF 118 KB)
P-12: NO2 Management in Diesel Exhaust Streams	Thomas Roberts	AirFlow Catalyst Systems	(PDF 199 KB)
P-13: Biodiesel + SCR Retrofit Testing	William Robertson	California Air Resources Board	(PDF 232 KB)
P-14: A Low-Cost Continuous Emissions Monitoring System for Mobile and Stationary Engine SCR/DPF Applications and P-15: Data-Logger for Vehicle Data Acquisition	Hamid Servati	ServoTech Engineering	(PDF 311 KB)
P-16: Online PM Measurement for In-use Testing	William Silvis	AVL Instrumentation & Test Systems, Inc.	(PDF 118 KB)
P-17: Compact Electrochemical Bi-functional NOx/O2 Sensors with an Internal Reference for High Temperature Applications	Dileep Singh	Argonne National Laboratory	(PDF 756 KB)
P-18: Impact of Biofuel & Biofuel Blending on Diesel Soot Characteristics	Todd Toops	Oak Ridge National Laboratory	(PDF 418 KB)
P-19: Syngas Generator Use for Retrofit DPF Active Regeneration on a Medium Duty Truck	Paul Towgood	NxtGen Emission Controls Inc.	(PDF 186 KB)
Concurrent Technical Session 4: Emission Control Technologies, Part 2 Ken Howden, U.S. Department of Energy, Chair George Muntean, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Co-Chair
Hydrocarbon Inhibition and HC Storage Modeling in Fe- Zeolite Catalysts for HD Diesel Engines	Maruthi Devarakonda	Pacific Northwest National Laboratory	(PDF 1.7 MB)
Development of an Advanced Turbocharger to Support Future Diesel LTC	Harold Sun	Ford Motor Company
Reductant Utilization in a LNT + SCR System	Jim Parks	Oak Ridge National Laboratory	(PDF 1.1 MB)
Characteristics and Effects of Lubricant Additive Chemistry and Exhaust Conditions on Diesel Particulate Filter Service Life and Vehicle Fuel Economy	Alexander Sappok	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	(PDF 811 KB)
Fuel Reformer, LNT and SCR Aftertreatment System Meeting Emissions Useful Life Requirements	James McCarthy, Jr.	Eaton Corporation	(PDF 627 KB)
Diesel Passenger Car Technology for Low Emissions and CO2 Compliance	Brian Cooper	Ricardo	(PDF 863 KB)
Development and Field Demonstrations of the Low NO2 ACCRT™ System for Retrofit Applications	Ajay Joshi	Johnson Matthey	(PDF 1.4 MB)
Microstructural Evolution of EGR Cooler Deposits	Michael Lance	Oak Ridge National Laboratory	(PDF 5.2 MB)
Tailored Acicular Mullite Substrates for Multifunctional Diesel Particulate Filters	Michael Malanga	Dow Automotive	(PDF 2.4 MB)
Concurrent Technical Session 5: High Efficiency Engine Technologies Roland Gravel, U.S. Department of Energy, Chair Robert Wagner, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Co-Chair
Exhaust Energy Recovery and High Efficiency Engine Technologies	Christopher Nelson	Cummins	(PDF 766 KB) (PDF 382 KB)
Future Efficient Dynamics with Heat Recovery	Andreas Obieglo	BMW Group	(PDF 3.5 MB)
Wells-to-Wheels Analysis for Heavy-Duty Powertrains	Parag Mehresh	Caterpillar
3-Cylinder Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection: A High Value Solution for Euro VI Emissions	John Kirwan	Delphi Powertrain	(PDF 1.3 MB)
Integrated Powertrain and Vehicle Technologies for Fuel Efficiency Improvement and CO2 Reduction	Yury Kalish	Detroit Diesel	(PDF 1.3 MB)
EBDI® - Application of a High BMEP Downsized Spark Ignited Engine	Rod Beazley	Ricardo	(PDF 944 KB)
Technology Development for High Efficiency Clean Diesel Engines and a Pathway to 50% Thermal Efficiency	Donald Stanton	Cummins	(PDF 455 KB)
Turbocharged Spark Ignited Direct Injection – A Fuel Economy Solution for the U.S.	Paul Whitaker	AVL	(PDF 488 KB)
Engine System Approach to Exhaust Energy Recovery	Richard Kruiswyk	Caterpillar, Inc.
Automotive Turbocharging: Industrial Requirements and Technology Developments	Nick Baines	ConceptsNREC	(PDF 901 KB)
Lunch - Sponsored by Detroit Diesel
Reduction of Heavy-Duty Fuel Consumption and CO2 Generation What the Industry Does and What the Government Can Do	Rakesh Aneja	Detroit Diesel	(PDF 876 KB)
Concurrent Technical Session 6: Advanced Combustion Technologies, Part 2 Gupreet Singh, U.S. Department of Energy, Chair Dennis Siebers, Sandia National Laboratories, Co-Chair
High Efficiency Clean Combustion for Heavy-Duty Engine	Houshun Zhang	Detroit Diesel	(PDF 656 KB)
Multidimensional Simulation and Chemical Kinetics Development for High Efficiency Clean Combustion Engines	Salvador Aceves	Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory	(PDF 3.0 MB)
Diesel Combustion Control with Closed-Loop Control of the Injection Strategy	Marek Tatur	FEV Inc.	(PDF 507 KB)
A Comparison of HCCI Engine Performance Data and Kinetic Modeling Results over a Wide Range of Gasoline Range Surrogate Fuel Blends	Bruce Bunting	Oak Ridge National Laboratory	(PDF 371 KB)
Technology Development for Light Duty High Efficient Diesel Engines	Donald Stanton	Cummins, Inc.	(PDF 1.7 MB)
Progress of the Engine Combustion Network	Lyle Pickett	Sandia National Laboratories	(PDF 1.9 MB)
Advanced Natural Gas Engine Technology for Heavy Duty Vehicles	Mostafa Kamel	Cummins Westport Inc.	(PDF 835 KB)
Concurrent Technical Session 7: Thermoelectrics for Vehicle Applications John Fairbanks, U.S. Department of Energy, Chair
Vehicular Thermoelectric Applications Session DEER 2009	John Fairbanks	DOE	(PDF 8.7 MB)
Development of a 500 Watt High Temperature Thermoelectric Generator	John LaGrandeur	BSST	(PDF 1.7 MB)
Develop Thermoelectric Technology for Automotive Waste Heat Recovery	Jihui Yang	General Motors	(PDF 5.0 MB)
Thermoelectric Conversion of Waste Heat to Electricity in an IC Engine Powered Vehicle	Harold Schock	Michigan State University	(PDF 1.9 MB)
Development of a High-Efficiency Zonal Thermoelectric HVAC System for Automotive Applications	Clay Maranville	Ford Motor Company	(PDF 957 KB)
Improving Energy Efficiency by Developing Components for Distributed Cooling and Heating Based on Thermal Comfort Modeling	Jihui Yang	General Motors	(PDF 260 KB)
Low-and High-Temperature Dual Thermoelectric Generation Waste Heat Recovery System for Light-Duty Vehicles	Shiho Kim	Chungbuk National University	(PDF 1.4 MB)
Poster Presentation Session Part 3: Emission Control Technologies, High-Efficiency Engine Technologies, Thermoelectrics for Vehicle Applications, Fuels and High-Performance Lubricants Gurpreet Singh, U.S. Department of Energy, Chair Terry Levinson, Argonne National Laboratory, Co-Chair
P-1: An Information-Dependent Computer Program for Engine Exhaust Heat Recovery for Heating	Vamshi Avadhanula	University of Alaska, Fairbanks	(PDF 95 KB)
P-2: Technologies for a Sustainable Heavy-Duty On-Highway Fleet	Richard Baker	AVL	(PDF 75 KB)
P-3: Hydrogen Assisted Diesel Combustion in a Common Rail Turbodiesel Engine	André Boehman	Pennsylvania State University	(PDF 150 KB)
P-4: Development of a Waste Heat Recovery System for Light-Duty Diesel Engines	Thomas Briggs	Oak Ridge National Laboratory	(PDF 291 KB)
P-5: Comparison of Different Road Load Implementation Strategies on Fuel Economy of USPS Step Vans	Daniel Carder	West Virginia University	(PDF 114 KB)
P-6: D-Cycle™ - 4-Differential-Stroke Cycle	Joe Conti	Yan Engines, LLC	(PDF 104 KB)
P-7: A Study of Emissions from a Light Duty Diesel Vehicle with the European Particulate Measurement Programme	Harry Dwyer	California Air Resources Board	(PDF 286 KB)
P-8: Production-Intent Lost-Motion Variable Valve Actuation Systems	Steven Ernest	Jacobs Vehicle Systems	(PDF 149 KB)
P-9: Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study (ACES)	Dan Greenbaum	Health Effects Institute	(PDF 90 KB)
P-10: Thermoelectric Power Generation System with Loop Thermosyphon in Future High Efficiency Hybrid Vehicles	Sun-Kook Kim	Chungbuk National University	(PDF 628 KB)
P-11: Statistical Analysis of Transient Cycle Test Results in a 40 CFR Part 1065 Engine Dynamometer Test Cell	Benjamin Shade	West Virginia University	(PDF 93 KB)
P-12: The Impact of PM and HC on EGR Cooler Fouling	Daniel Styles	Ford Motor Company	(PDF 179 KB)
P-13: Two-Stroke Uniflow Turbo-Compound Internal Combustion Engine	Jack Taylor	Belcan Engineering Group, Inc.	(PDF 1.1 MB)
P-14: Nanofluid Development for Engine Cooling	Elena Timofeeva	Argonne National Laboratory	(PDF 606 KB)
P-15: Deactivation of Accelerated Engine-Aged and Field-Aged SCR Catalysts and the Role of the DOC and P-16: Characterization and Evaluation of Engine-Aged Emissions Control Devices using Biodiesel Fuel	Todd Toops	Oak Ridge National Laboratory	(PDF 875 KB)
P-17: Progress on DOE Vehicle Technologies Light-Duty Diesel Engine Efficiency and Emissions Milestones	Robert Wagner	Oak Ridge National Laboratory	(PDF 224 KB)
P-18: Oxygen-Enriched Combustion for Military Diesel Engine Generators	Paul Yelvington	Mainstream Engineering Corporation	(PDF 196 KB)
P-19: Calibration of a Directly Injected Natural Gas HD Engine for Class 8 Truck Applications	Sandeep Munshi	Westport Innovations Inc.	(PDF 70 KB)
Concurrent Technical Session 8: Emission Control Technologies, Part 3 Ken Howden, U.S. Department of Energy, Chair John Storey, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Co-Chair
Phase 1 of the Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study (ACES): Highlights of Project Finding	Imad Khalek	Southwest Research Institute	(PDF 1.1 MB)
Increased Efficiency with Model Based Calibration	Robert Diewald	AVL	(PDF 1.1 MB)
Emissions from the European Light Duty Diesel Vehicle During DPF Regeneration Events	Harry Dwyer	California Air Resources Board	(PDF 1.7 MB)
Diesel Particulate Filters and NO2 Emission Limits	Osama Ibrahim	RYPOS, Inc.	(PDF 1.1 MB)
Solid SCR Demonstration Truck Application	Marek Tatur	FEV Inc.	(PDF 2.5 MB)
XP-SiC: An Innovative Substrate for Future Applications with Low Weight and High Porosity	Shahrokh Hajireza	Notox A/S	(PDF 7.9 MB)
Effects of Catalysts on Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Retrofits for PM and NOx Control	Shaohua Hu	California Air Resources Board	(PDF 722 KB)
Impact of Biodiesel on the Near-term Performance and Long-term Durability of Advanced Aftertreatment Systems	Aaron Williams	National Renewable Energy Laboratory	(PDF 1.0 MB)
Effect of Thermal Aging on NO oxidation and NOx Storage in a Fully-Formulated Lean NOx Trap	Todd Toops	Oak Ridge National Laboratory	(PDF 2.7 MB)
Concurrent Technical Session 9: Fuels and High-Performance Lubricants Glenn Keller, Argonne National Laboratory, Chair
Development of High Performance Heavy Duty Engine Oils	Frank Lauterwasser	Chevron Oronite LLC	(PDF 1.4 MB)
A Novel Approach in Determining Oil Dilution Level on a DPF Equipped Vehicle as a Result of Regeneration	Harsha Nanjundaswamy	FEV Inc.	(PDF 562 KB)
Effect of the Composition of Hydrocarbon Streams on HCCI Performance	Craig Fairbridge	CanmetENERGY, Natural Resources Canada	(PDF 2.2 MB)
Detailed HCCI Exhaust Speciation - ORNL Reference Fuel Blends	Bruce Bunting	Oak Ridge National Laboratory	(PDF 553 KB)
Low Temperature Autoignition of C8H16O2 Ethyl and Methyl Esters in a Motored Engine	André Boehman	Pennsylvania State University	(PDF 648 KB)
Development and Demonstration of a Prototype Omnivorous Engine	Steven McConnell	Argonne National Laboratory	(PDF 1.0 MB)
System-Response Issues Imposed by Biodiesel in a Medium-Duty Diesel Engine	Timothy Jacobs	Texas A&M University	(PDF 775 KB)
Reducing Lubricant Ash Impact on Exhaust Aftertreatment with an Oil Conditioning Filter	Simon Watson	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	(PDF 749 KB)